东昆仑山中段布尔汗布达山地区断裂特征及昆中断裂带南界讨论     

周琳雄  尹建华  王勇  郑科  张国忠  邓志龙 《中国地质调查》2021,8(5):74-83

布尔汗布达山西南缘属东昆仑造山带腹地,新太古代以来区域构造作用强烈。中二叠世,随着东昆仑地区多岛洋盆依次关闭,研究区形成数条近于平行的EW向深大断裂组合,构成昆中断裂带主体格架。通过研究分析与断裂相关的地形地貌、遥感影像、地球物理、岩石地层、变形变质、断裂结构组成、显微构造等,总结出主要断裂特征,并梳理了区内构造格架,针对尚未统一认识的昆中断裂带南界问题进行探讨,最终认为温冷恩断裂属昆中断裂带南界断裂。研究成果为进一步开展相关地质问题分析提供了依据。  相似文献   

1948年川西理塘 M7. 3地震地表破裂特征及Riedel剪切构造分析     

刘亢  李岩峰  郭辉文  张迎峰 《地质学报》2021,95(8):2346-2360

1948年川西理塘M7. 3地震是川滇菱形块体内部近一个世纪以来发生的震级最大的走滑型地震。在对此次同震地表破裂进行详细调查基础上,利用差分GPS对同震地表破裂带进行了精确测量与统计分析。结果揭示该地表破裂的现存长度为36 km,北端始于无量河以北,往东南沿藏坝盆地北东缘、德巫盆地东南缘,延伸至德巫乡北,分为南、北两段,而在交德附近存在约3 km长的地表破裂空区。对同震地表破裂的线密度和同震水平位错量进行分段统计后揭示,此次地震的宏观震中应位于德巫盆地中部交德东南约4~5 km处。对理塘同震地表破裂的Riedel剪切分析结果指示,该破裂带主要由R剪切组成,以发育雁列状排列的挤压鼓包(Push- up)为主要特征,伴有少量R′剪切与T裂缝,缺少P型与X型剪切。其中R剪切占95%以上,其在藏坝段(北段)的优势方向为318°,德巫段(南段)为315°,整条地表破裂带的R剪切平均方向为316°。同时发现,此次地震形成的雁列状挤压鼓包主要以平缓的“弧形”为主,这与1981年道孚MS 6. 9地震和2010年玉树MS 7. 1地震地表破裂带中出现大量反“S”形挤压鼓包有所不同,推断与走滑断裂滑动速率密切相关。沿强滑动速率走滑断层地震破裂带的Riedel剪切发育会更为完善,挤压鼓包也更发育,易形成反“S”形,反之则以平缓的“弧形”为特征。综合分析认为,1948年理塘同震地表破裂带的展布主要受藏坝盆地与德巫盆地控制,而且藏坝段(北段)与德巫段(南段)的R剪切方向存在偏差,这可能与两个拉分盆地的发育程度有关。  相似文献   

基于深反射地震剖面的沂沭断裂带岩石圈精细结构     

张尚坤  罗文强  于学峰  田京祥  唐璐璐  陈军  杨斌  杜圣贤  刘凤臣  仵康林 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3192-3204

为揭示沂沭断裂带深部结构及发生—发展过程,查清断裂切割深度及对岩石圈地幔的破坏,探讨沂沭断裂带的构造组合样式、运动方式、地壳稳定性及其对资源环境的约束作用,研究团队于2019年在沂沭断裂带南段沂南—莒县附近布设了一条长约60 km的深反射地震剖面,系统采集了沂沭断裂带和两侧地块的地震数据,对沂沭断裂带深部岩石圈精细结构进行了解剖.结果显示,该区岩石圈结构在横向上表现为以沂沭断裂带为界的块状结构特征,地壳厚度约30.8～39.5 km;莫霍面总体呈西浅东深态势,并被西倾的沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)错断,垂直落差达10.5 km.与浅部"两堑夹一垒"的构造组合样式不同的是,沂沭断裂带在深部剖面上表现为由沂水—汤头断裂(F2)和昌邑—大店断裂(F4)向上延伸与分叉散开的多条断裂组成"双枝状"构造组合样式.断裂带内被断层切割的界面反射波多呈向上的拱弧形,其构造形迹具有伸展、挤压和走滑并存的特征,推断这些界面为层间滑脱构造,它们指示了沂沭断裂带"多层滑移"构造运动方式.该断裂带不仅切穿了近地表、壳内地质界面,F2、F4断裂还向下切割莫霍面,深入岩石圈地幔,是深达地幔的深大断裂构造带,为地幔热物质的上涌提供了通道,对中生代的岩浆活动和内生成矿具有控制作用.地震剖面西端的铜井金矿成矿与沿F2断裂上侵的铜井杂岩体关系密切;剖面东端的火山机构保存完整,没有明显构造破坏痕迹,据此认为沂沭断裂带左行走滑主要发生在早白垩世青山期以前,其后水平滑移量应不大.从区域地质分布及地震反演结果看,昌邑—大店断裂(F4)明显将山东省分割为鲁西和鲁东两个地质构造单元,因此将其作为区域地质构造分界线是合理的.本项研究结果进一步加深了沂沭断裂带深、浅部结构的认识,为分析研究沂沭断裂带的深部过程和浅部构造响应及对资源环境的影响提供了资料约束.  相似文献   

从洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞:回眸与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许志琴  郑碧海  王勤 《地质学报》2021,95(1):75-97

大陆造山带的经典含义是指由于大陆地壳岩石在板块俯冲-碰撞的巨大挤压应力下,遭受强烈变形、变质和熔融作用,地壳发生大规模缩短、加厚和隆升而形成的地带。分布在大陆边缘和内部的造山带,经历从洋壳扩张、洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的造山过程,形成"俯冲增生型"、"陆陆碰撞型"和远离板块边界的"陆内型"造山带。造山带类型的分析是识别地球上造山带机制的钥匙。本文在阐述经典造山带分类的基础上,根据造山带的几何学、热历史、构造样式等特征,讨论了弧形造山带、特殊几何学造山带和走滑造山带的结构、运动学和动力学,以及从洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞造山在时空上的转化和演化。在回顾造山带研究的基础上,突出在板块汇聚边界的大洋和大陆俯冲带研究的重大进展,提出俯冲带和地幔柱提供了穿越地球层圈物质和能量交换的通道,它们的结合研究是探索全球单层壳-幔大循环假说与板块驱动力的新方向,是统领造山带研究的大思路。对于大陆动力学研究的一些前瞻性问题的思考,强调了造山过程的热扩散模式和变形-变质-深熔-成矿作用的自组织行为,以及地壳熔融在造山中的重要性;强调了流变学在大陆造山带形成和演化中的基础地位,并认为这是造山带研究中亟待解决的问题。作者认为板块水平运动是致使地壳挤压缩短和加厚、形成造山带的主要驱动力;而在板块离散边界(包括大洋中脊)垂直上升流所形成"地貌"上的山链,被称为"伸展造山带",不应属于经典"造山带"的范畴。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Khor Um-Safi ophiolitic serpentinites,central Eastern desert,Egypt: Implications for neoproterozoic arc-basin system in the Arabian-Nubian shield     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(1):125690

Serpentinites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt are the most distinctive lithological unit in the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) ophiolite sequence which associated with major suture zones. Khor Um-Safi (KUS) serpentinites represent dismembered fragments of ophiolitic rocks located in the central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt.KUS serpentinites exhibit affinity to the typical metamorphic peridotites with harzburgitic protolith compositions. Their opaque mineral assemblage (pentlandite, heazlewoodite and magnetite) is similar to that observed in oceanic serpentinites and implies serpentinization under highly reducing conditions. They have refractory major element compositions with Al₂O₃ contents comparable to oceanic and active margin peridotites as well as Pan-African serpentinites. The Cr and TiO₂ contents reflect evolution within a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. This implication is confirmed by the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ and MgO/SiO₂ ratios which akin to ANS ophiolitic peridotites in fore-arc setting. Their enrichment in compatible trace elements (Cr, Ni and Co) reveals a depleted mantle peridotite protolith.Modelling trace elements indicates that they represent the mantle residues from 15 to 20 % melting of spinel peridotite at oxygen fugacity conditions of the QFM + 1 buffer. This range of melt extraction is consistent with the typical range of SSZ peridotite. Oxygen fugacity estimation suggests evolution under more oxidizing regime similar to modern fore-arc basin system. Moreover, this implication indicates that the KUS mantle represents arc lithosphere interacted with arc melt.  相似文献   

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):147-177

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

如何判定俯冲增生杂岩中的高度肢解的洋底高原-海山系统          下载免费PDF全文

肖庆辉  刘勇  程杨  邱瑞照  范玉须  裴斐  杨斌 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(2):152-162

巨型洋底高原或海山系统到达俯冲带发生俯冲以后会在俯冲过程中发生肢解,在增生杂岩带中形成面目全非的小型洋底高原-海山系统的断块或碎片,使得在增生杂岩带中识别古老洋底高原-海山系统变得十分困难。为此,本文提出了基于洋板块地层、岩石学和地球化学联合研究的新方法及其识别标志,重新审定增生杂岩中洋底高原或海山的成因。  相似文献   

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area,southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica 40Ar/39Ar dating     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):77-94

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block, bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south. The Demala Group complex, a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area, is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area. According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis, the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses, biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, granitic gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartz schist, with many leucogranite veins. The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205 ± 1 Ma and 218 ± 1 Ma, respectively, representing the ages of their protoliths. The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures. The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644 –446 Ma, 1213 –865 Ma, and 1780 –1400 Ma, reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks. The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203 ± 2 Ma to 190 ± 1 Ma, which represent the age of metamorphism. The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex. Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, and leucogranite veins for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56 ± 0.21 Ma, 16.90 ± 0.21 Ma, and 23.40 ± 0.31 Ma, and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70 ± 0.24 Ma, 16.14 ± 0.19 Ma, 15.88 ± 0.20 Ma, and 14.39 ± 0.20 Ma. The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex. Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex, the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex. The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series, but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock. Based on the deformation characteristics, the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic, namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (203 –190 Ma) and Oligocene –Miocene (24 –14 Ma). The early stage of metamorphism (ranging from 203 –190 Ma) was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area. The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage (24 –14 Ma) were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone. The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

由非季风区向季风区过渡过程中大气边界层结构的变化分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔梁  张强  岳平  金红梅 《大气科学》2019,43(2):251-265

利用中国西北中部具有代表性的非季风区、夏季风影响过渡区和季风区的7个高空站的2013年夏季晴天07时、13时、19时（北京时）的大气边界层资料,通过分析大气边界层位温、比湿、风速的垂直结构,发现大气边界层结构及厚度在不同区域的分布特征:稳定边界层厚度、残余层顶高度和对流边界层厚度从非季风区、夏季风影响过渡区至季风区出现阶梯性大幅降低,从非季风区至夏季风影响过渡区,以及从夏季风影响过渡区至季风区,对流边界层厚度降幅依次为25.6%和81.8%,稳定边界层厚度降幅依次为58.3%和41.8%;在稳定边界层条件下,可观察到低空急流的存在,非季风区低空急流出现高度明显高于夏季风影响过渡区和季风区,且非季风区的低空急流风速也明显大于夏季风影响过渡区和季风区。通过分析与大气边界层发展最为密切的陆面热力因素在不同气候区的分布,净辐射值、日地-气温差最大值以及感热通量值在非季风区大于夏季风影响过渡区和季风区,从陆面热力过程为非季风区大气边界层厚度大于夏季风影响过渡区和季风区提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

西拉木伦构造带克德河砂砾岩的时代及构造意义     

郑月娟  张德军  张海华  张健  陈树旺  甄甄 《地质学报》2023,97(8):2459-2475

西拉木伦构造带北部双井地区发育一套巨厚的、成熟度低的快速堆积的粗碎屑沉积建造,为同造山磨拉石沉积,前人称其为克德河砂砾岩带并将其时代分别划为中二叠世(哲斯组)、晚二叠世(林西组)。本次工作对该套地层进行了大比例尺剖面测量,对取自剖面第下、中、上(1、25、86层)三个部分的砂岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,结果显示：3个样品具有相似的主要年龄区间,依次为405-485Ma、401-463Ma、363-520Ma,其峰值年龄分别为427Ma、445Ma、440Ma,锆石数量分别占总量的48％、52.5％和38.75％;其次为大于1000Ma的年龄,锆石数量分别占30.7%、22.5%、45%,且均具有1800Ma和2500Ma左右的峰值年龄,明显具有华北板块基底年龄信息;自下而上3个测年样品最年轻峰值年龄分别为312Ma、376Ma,282Ma,最年轻的锆石年龄分别为304Ma、244Ma和245Ma。在第85层杂色复成分砾岩的灰岩砾石中发现晚石炭－早二叠世阿木山组的蜓和珊瑚化石,在41及43层发现中生代孢粉化石。综合碎屑锆石测年及生物化石研究结果,克德河砂砾岩带的时代应为中三叠世。推测西拉木伦构造带经历了一个较长的演化过程,中二叠世开始华北板块和西伯利亚板块进入碰撞造山阶段, 同造山磨拉石建造(克德河砂砾岩带)标志着中亚造山带演化的终止,华北板块和西伯利亚板块的碰撞拼合造山一直延续到中三叠世才结束。  相似文献